Maleic anhydride (MA) is widely used to modify plastics and as a compatibilizer in recycling. This study examines the effect of varying MA concentrations on blends of polyoxymethylene (POM) and recycled polyvinyl butyral (rPVB) from automotive windshields. Morphological analysis showed that MA contents between 0.25 and 0.75 wt% led to smaller, more closely dispersed rPVB particles, indicating enhanced phase miscibility. Rheological and thermal analyses revealed up to a 47% increase in melt flow index at lower MA concentrations, and improved interfacial interactions and crystallinity at higher levels. The tensile modulus dropped by 10% at 0.25 wt% MA but increased with further additions; tensile strength and Shore D hardness remained unaffected. Impact strength improved by up to 65% with MA addition, mainly due to increased ductility and a morphology characterized by larger rPVB domains and shorter interparticle distances at low MA contents. The coefficient of friction decreased with rPVB but increased with MA, along with higher volume loss. Microscopic wear analysis confirmed that rPVB dispersion, influenced by MA, was key to transfer film formation and surface lubrication. Thus, MA optimization enables tailored mechanical and tribological properties in POM/rPVB blends.