Sustainable polypropylene/tire rubber crumbs blends containing two flame retardant systems intended for the automotive industry
Sandra Paszkiewicz
, Kamila Sałasińska, Zaida Ortega, Mateusz Barczewski, Jacek Andrzejewski, Konrad Walkowiak, Izabela Irska, Magdalena Jurczyk Kowalska, Anna Boczkowska, Marcin Borowicz, Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska, Elżbieta Piesowicz, Katarzyna Pokwicka-Croucher
, Kamila Sałasińska, Zaida Ortega, Mateusz Barczewski, Jacek Andrzejewski, Konrad Walkowiak, Izabela Irska, Magdalena Jurczyk Kowalska, Anna Boczkowska, Marcin Borowicz, Joanna Paciorek-Sadowska, Elżbieta Piesowicz, Katarzyna Pokwicka-CroucherVol. 19., No.12., Pages 1286-1309, 2025
DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2025.95
DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2025.95
Corresponding author: Sandra Paszkiewicz 
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Two series of polymer blends based on post-consumer polypropylene (rPP) and tire rubber crumbs (Trc) under the trademark ECOPLASTOMER® PP70 with a mutual ratio of components 70/30 wt%, containing 10, 20, and 30 wt% of flame retardants, have been prepared using a twin-screw extruder. The influence of commercially available silane-treated alumina trihydrate (ATH-sil) with the eco-friendly system based on melamine phosphate (MP), aluminum hydroxide (AC), and peanut shells (PS), used as flame retardant agents, on the mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of polymer blends was assessed – the incorporation of ATH-sil results in the appearance of peaks related to OH groups in the Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. Similar observations are made for the MP/AC/PS system. differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that using the selected flame retardants did not impact the melting and crystallization temperatures of the polymer. Tensile strength experienced a minor decrease, particularly in compositions containing more than 20 wt% of the flame retardants, while hardness remained unaffected by their share. Both flame retardants reduced the flammability of the modified polypropylene/rubber powder blends, and the most favorable outcomes were achieved with ATH-sil; however, only when employed at a minimum of 30 wt%. The formulated MP/AC/PS system proved more adept at reducing flammability and smoke emissions at lower flame retardant levels (up to 20 wt%).
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