This work introduces an innovative method to enhance the compatibility of nylon-12/natural rubber thermoplastic elastomers by utilizing hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber as a reactive compatibilizer and natural fibers as reinforcement. Hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber was synthesized from natural rubber via oxidative cleavage to carbonyl telechelic natural rubber, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verified the structure. Incorporating hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber into nylon-12/natural rubber (40/60 wt%) blends significantly enhanced interfacial adhesion, improving tensile strength and elongation at break compared to the uncompatibilized mix. Dynamic vulcanization using phenolic resin achieved an optimal balance of strength and ductility. The incorporation of areca husk fiber enhanced tensile strength, hardness, and solvent resistance, with a slight decrease in ductility and tear strength. Rheological analysis indicated that hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber increased melt viscosity due to improved phase interactions, while dynamic vulcanization reduced the melt flow index through network formation. Solvent uptake experiments confirmed that hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber, areca husk fiber, and SP-1045 vulcanizing agent minimized swelling in isooctane, toluene, and diesel oil.

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Powder-free natural rubber gloves for chemical migration resistance of food-contact grade are prepared using a variety of fillers, including ground calcium carbonate (GCC), precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), aluminum silicate (AS), and barium sulfate (BS)-filled natural rubber (NR), respectively. The properties of NR gloves, including mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and thermal properties, were investigated. Furthermore, the overall migration test of NR gloves was conducted according to the regulations for food contact gloves (EU Regulation No. 10/2011), using 3% acetic acid as the simulant. Among the fillers studied, the plate-like particles of AS facilitated the most effective filler-rubber interactions and reinforcement in AS-filled natural rubber (NR/AS). Consequently, the highest crosslink density, force at break, and damping properties of NR gloves were achieved by applying AS in the NR matrix. Moreover, the lowest overall migration level was observed for NR/AS with a value of 5.35 mg/dm², which complies with EU Regulation (overall migration of food simulants shall not exceed 10 mg/dm²). Therefore, NR gloves filled with AS are suitable for food-contacting NR gloves.

Cyclized natural rubber (CNR) was synthesized through the acid-catalyzed reaction of natural rubber (NR) latex using sulfuric acid as a catalyst and stabilized with a non-ionic surfactant. Cyclization was evaluated by iodine numbers under varying reaction times, temperatures, and NR-to-acid ratios. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR) confirmed the formation of cyclic structures in CNR molecules. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the glass transition temperature (T_g) of CNR increased with cyclization, indicating greater rigidity and less chain flexibility. CNR was then blended with NR and used as a compatibilizer in NR/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)blends. It increased blend viscosity, hardness, and dimensional stability but reduced tensile strength and elongation due to its rigid cyclic domains. In NR/NBR blends, CNR outperformed a commercial homogenizer in enhancing interfacial interactions, leading to superior shear flow properties, curing behavior, and mechanical performance. This is attributed to the polar groups in CNR, which enhance intermolecular interactions and phase compatibility, resulting in finer phase morphology. This study highlights the potential of CNR as a versatile material for enhancing the performance of rubber compounds, with promising applications in advanced industrial formulations.

Waste tire rubber poses significant environmental challenges due to its non-biodegradability and complex crosslinkedvstructure. In this sense, this study aims to examine the utilization of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the desulfurizationvprocess of ground tire rubber (GTR). A range of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), including ethylene glycol, malonic acid,vimidazole, toluene sulfonic acid, and urea, were combined with choline chloride, which serves as a hydrogen bond acceptorv(HBA), to synthesize deep eutectic solvents. Subsequently, these DESs are used in the modification of rubber devulcanizationvprocesses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Horikx analysis werevused to confirm the occurrence of devulcanization. The studies confirmed that the devulcanization process was selective invnature, effectively reducing random chain scission while maintaining the integrity of the polymer. Furthermore, the vulcanizatesvobtained post-treatment demonstrated enhanced properties, including increased tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, hardness, and durability, with ethylene glycol-based DES (DES-E) exhibiting the most pronounced enhancements.